utterance - a complete unit of speech in spoken language. An utterance can be shorter than a sentence.
A: when's he coming?
B: tomorrow - an utterance.
velar - from velum /k/ /g/ - velum is the soft part at the back of the throat.
holistic learner - describes a learner who learns language through global exposure to language.
discrete-item test - a test of one particular area of grammar, lexis or discourse.
forward wash - the effect a test/exam has on the teaching that follows the test/exam.
schemata - a mental representation of a situation or the context of a text.
top-down processing - applying world or context knowledge in our decoding of the meaning of a text.
hyponym - a word whose meaning is included in the meaning of another more general word. bus is a hyponym of vehicle.
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